A Comparative Study on the Construction of Public Emergency Management Systems: Focus on the German Model and Its Practical Implications

Abstract

This paper conducts an in-depth theoretical analysis and literature review of Germany's public emergency management system, exploring its construction logic, operational mechanisms, and practical implications. By integrating classic theoretical frameworks such as federalism, collaborative governance, and multi-center governance, this study clarifies the core concepts of emergency management system construction, including "decentralized responsibility," "inter-departmental collaboration," and "social participation." The research finds that Germany's emergency management system, characterized by federal-state-local decentralization, state and local dominance, federal coordination support, and extensive social participation, provides a valuable reference for other countries. Its experience in risk assessment and early warning, disaster response coordination, and cross-departmental linkage mechanisms offers important insights for optimizing emergency management systems. This study aims to contribute to the theoretical development of public emergency management and provide practical guidance for policy-makers.