The Evolution and Operation Mechanism of Russia's Emergency Management System: A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Framework of Collaborative Governance and Resilience

Abstract

This paper takes the construction of Russia's emergency management system as the research object, analyzing its evolutionary trajectory, operational mechanisms, and practical characteristics under the dual contexts of federalism and geophysical vulnerability. By constructing a theoretical analytical framework of "Unified Leadership - Decentralized Execution - Military-Civil Synergy," and integrating the theoretical perspectives of Collaborative Governance and Resilience, this study systematically examines the institutional logic, multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms, and technological empowerment paths of Russia's emergency management system. The research finds that Russia's emergency management system realizes the unification of top-level design and resource allocation through the vertical coordination of the President - Government - Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM), while leveraging the advantages of military-civil integration to enhance professional rescue capabilities. Furthermore, the "Whole-of-Society" disaster prevention and mitigation system centered on public education and social participation effectively improves social resilience. However, challenges such as information silos, regional imbalances, and the digital transformation of emergency management still exist. Based on this, this paper proposes optimization suggestions for improving the efficiency of cross-departmental collaboration, strengthening international cooperation, and deepening the modernization of emergency management systems, providing theoretical references and practical insights for comparative studies of global emergency governance.